Amakuru - Nigute Ukora Ubucuruzi hamwe na Teochew (Chaoshan) Abantu? (1)

Dufatiye ku miterere y’ubushinwa bugezweho, agace ka Teochew gaherereye mu majyepfo y’Intara ya Guangdong, hamwe n’imijyi itatu ya Chaozhou, Shantou na Jieyang. Bita abantu babo gaginan. Abantu ba Teochew babaye mu majyepfo yUbushinwa imyaka igera ku 1.700,wni umuco wabo wihariye & ururimi.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga abantu ba Teochew ni ubushake bwo gucuruza no gucuruza, uko byagenda kose ni ububiko bw’ibiribwa hafi cyangwa isosiyete mpuzamahanga. Muri ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi bazwi cyane ba Chaozhou, igitangaje cyane ni Li Ka-shing, akaba ari we muntu ukize cyane muri Hongkong, na Ma Huateng washinze Tencent, washizeho itumanaho rya WeChat na QQ.

Urebye ko abantu benshi ba Teochow baba cyangwa bataba kure yinkombe, ntibitangaje kuba Teochows yarabaye abashakashatsi bo mu nyanja batinyitse, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abimukira ba kabiri bakomeye, byabaye nyuma yimyaka irenga 1.000 nyuma yambere.

Nyuma y’Intambara ya mbere ya Opium, abantu benshi baturutse i Chaoshan bavuye mu Bushinwa, banyuze ku byambu bine by’amasezerano byashyizweho n’abateye mu Bwongereza kugeza ubwo bava mu rugo kugira ngo babeho kandi babone ubuzima bwiza, cyane cyane Guangzhou & Shantou.Boherereje amabaruwa n’amafaranga kuri shigikira umuryango murugo.

Itsinda ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’Abashinwa muri Singapuru ryasanze mu 1994 ko diaspora ya Teochews mu mpera za 1800 itera ababakomokaho gukwirakwira mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, Hariho 5.000.000 muri Tayilande, 800.000 muri Maleziya na Indoneziya, 500.000 muri Singapuru, 200.000 muri Vietnam na Kamboje, 300.000 muri Amerika , 150.000 mubufaransa na 100.000 muri Canada.Uyu munsi aya makuru agomba kuba yarakuze.

Teochows rimwe na rimwe bitwa Abayahudi bo mu Burasirazuba, iryo jambo ryahimbwe n'ikinyamakuru cyo muri Tayilande nyuma yuko Umwami Rama wa VI wa Tayilande ashimye Teochews kubera “ubwami bushingiye ku moko n'ubushishozi mu bibazo by'amafaranga.” . Ivangura no gutandukanya Abayahudi bo mu Burayi birasa. ahanini biterwa nuko bigaragara ko bafite ingaruka mubukungu

Imvugo ya Teochow ni rumwe mu ndimi za kera kandi zabitswe neza mu Gishinwa mu gihugu. Abantu ba Chaoshan bafite akamenyero ko gutamba ibitambo abakurambere nimana zabo nyinshi.Mu gikoni cya Chaozhou harimo ibiryo byinshi byo mu nyanja, kandi hariho imico idasanzwe y'ibiribwa nka sosi ya Satay n'icyayi cya kung fu.

Hano ku isi hari abakomoka kuri Teochow barenga miliyoni 50, kandi abantu ba Chaoshan bazwiho akazi gakomeye n'ubushobozi mu bucuruzi. Mu maraso yabo akoresha imico gakondo yubushinwa - umwete, gukora cyane nubumwe.

Teochows nyinshi ni abagabo bakomeye mubucuruzi ku isi. Itsinda ryabacuruzi rya Chaoshan rizwiho umwuka wambere kandi ni rimwe mumatsinda icumi yambere yubucuruzi mubushinwa. Igitekerezo cya "Umukandara umwe, Umuhanda umwe" cyazanye iterambere mu kuzamura ubukungu ndetse n'abacuruzi ba Teochow ku isi hose muri iki gihe barimo gushaka abafatanyabikorwa benshi mu bucuruzi.

Ibintu by'ibanze biganisha ku ntsinzi y'abacuruzi ba Teochow birashoboka ko ari ibi bikurikira:

1. Abantu ba Chaoshan bashoboye cyane kwihanganira ingorane. Abantu b'akajagari baratsimbataje akamenyero ko kwihanganira ingorane no gukora urugo kuva mu bwana bwabo. Iyo bahuye ningorane zo gutangiza umushinga, nabo bazatuza kandi bihangane, yashakisha inzira nshya niba umuhanda udakora, kugeza igihe azagenda neza.

2. Basuzuma ingaruka za buri kintu kandi biteguye gusubira inyuma kuko bateguye inzira yinyuma. Mubyukuri, mugihe uhisemo gukora ikintu, ugomba kugira gahunda yo kurangiza ibyabaye nyuma. kandi usobanure neza ibizavamo ， uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo mugihe ibintu bizaba bibi.

3.Batinyuka gushakisha no kurwana. Urugero rumwe ni Li Ka-shing, umuherwe muri Hong Kong. Yakomokaga muri Chaozhou. Yimukiye muri Hong Kong n'umuryango we igihe yari mu mashuri yisumbuye, nyuma atangira kuhakorera ubucuruzi, bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Muri iki gikorwa, yahuye kandi ningorane nyinshi ningorane. Yahatiwe kuva mu ishuri kugira ngo atunge umuryango we, akora nk'umutoza, nk'umukarani mu iduka ry’amasaha. Hamwe n'ubucuruzi bwe, nyuma yaje no gushinga uruganda rwa pulasitike, rugenda rwiyongera buhoro buhoro kugera ku byo twagezeho muri iki gihe. Igihe cyose yateraga intambwe, yagombaga gushyigikirwa n'umwuka we wo gutinyuka.

4. Gutekereza cyane mubucuruzi. Abantu benshi ba Chaoshan bafite ibitekerezo byubucuruzi bikomeye. Ku muntu ushobora kubona amafaranga cyangwa umucuruzi watsinze, ni ngombwa cyane kugira ibitekerezo byiza byubucuruzi. Bizafasha mugihe winjije amafaranga cyangwa utangiye umushinga, kugirango utere intambwe iboneye, kugirango ubashe kunyura muri iyi ntambwe ku yindi, ukirema ejo hazaza.

Mu mijyi itatu ya Chaoshan, Shantou ni icyambu cy’ubucuruzi mu myaka 162, kandi inganda n’ubucuruzi byateye imbere byihuse mu myaka yashize. Inganda zo gucapa no gupakira ni imwe mu nganda zinkingi zubukungu bwa Shantou. Nyuma yimyaka irenga 35 yo guhanga udushya no kwiteza imbere, yashyizeho urwego rwinganda nuburyo bwimiterere ifite ibyiciro byuzuye, imiterere yinganda zegeranye nibyiza byikoranabuhanga. Shantou yabaye kimwe mu bicuruzwa binini byo gucapa no gupakira ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, aho bicuruza byinshi kandi kimwe mu bigo bitatu byandika mu gihugu.

Inganda zo gucapa no gupakira Shantou ziratera imbere byihuse. Kugeza ubu, Shantou yateye imbere kurusha uturere twinshi tw’igihugu mu icapiro rya offset, icapiro rya rotogravure, icapiro rya intaglio, icapiro rya ecran, icapiro ryihariye, mu bwoko bwose bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imitako, gucapa no gupakira.gukora, pre - & post-press ibikoresho ibikoresho murwego rwikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byo gupakira firime, ibikoresho byo gucapa, gukora murwego rwikoranabuhanga ndetse nubunini bwitsinda ryinganda.

Umujyi wa Anbu wegereye uyobowe na Chaozhou, uzwi ku izina rya "Umujyi wa mbere w’Ubushinwa wapakiye ibintu byoroshye", "ubwami bwo gupakira", hamwe na Shantou bagize iterambere ry’inganda, ku bacuruzi b’abanyamahanga baturutse impande zose z’isi batanga amasoko korohereza no gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. ShantouHONGZEni ibyo gutumiza no kohereza hanze Co, LTD.www.stblossom.com, ihuza inganda nubucuruzi nkumubiri umwe. Nubwo mu bihe bikomeye by’iki cyorezo, twishimiye abaguzi n’abashoramari bo mu mahanga kugira ngo batugire inama kandi batugure binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo guhuza ubufatanye-bunguka.