Ibiryo bikonje bivuga ibiryo aho ibikoresho byibanze byujuje ibyangombwa bitunganijwe neza, bikonjeshwa ku bushyuhe bwa-30 and, bikabikwa kandi bikazenguruka kuri 18 ℃ cyangwa munsi yo gupakira. Bitewe no gukoresha ubushyuhe buke bwububiko bukonje muburyo bwose, ibiryo bikonje bifite ibiranga ubuzima buramba, ntabwo byoroshye kwangirika kandi byoroshye kurya, ariko kandi bitanga ibibazo bikomeye nibisabwa cyane mubikoresho byo gupakira.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bipfunyika
Kuri ubu, rusangeimifuka yo gupakira ibiryo bikonjeku isoko ahanini bemeza imiterere yibikoresho bikurikira:
1.PET/PE
Iyi miterere irasanzwe mubisanzwe mubipfunyika bwibiryo byihuse, birinda ubushyuhe, birwanya ubukonje, ubushyuhe buke bwo gufunga ubushyuhe nibyiza, igiciro ni gito.
2. BOPP / PE, BOPP / CPP
Ubu bwoko bwimiterere nubushuhe, butarwanya ubukonje, kandi bufite imbaraga zingana zo gufunga ubushyuhe buke, bigatuma bidahenze cyane. Muri byo, imifuka yububiko bwa BOPP / PE ifite isura nziza kandi ikumva kuruta imiterere ya PET / PE, ishobora kuzamura urwego rwibicuruzwa.
3. PET / VMPET / CPE, BOPP / VMPET / CPE
Bitewe no kuba hari aluminiyumu, ubu bwoko bwimiterere bufite ubuso bwanditse neza, ariko imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hasi yubushyuhe bwo hasi irakennye gato kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru cyane, bigatuma igipimo cyo gukoresha kiri hasi.
4. NY / PE, PET / NY / LLDPE, PET / NY / AL / PE, NY / PE
Gupakira ubu bwoko bwimiterere birwanya gukonja ningaruka. Bitewe nuko NY igaragara, ifite kwihanganira gucumita neza, ariko igiciro ni kinini. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa bifite impande cyangwa uburemere buremereye.
Mubyongeyeho, hari ubundi bwoko bwumufuka wa PE ukunze gukoreshwa nkumufuka wapakira hanze yimboga nibiryo byafunzwe bikonje.
Inongeyeho, hari umufuka woroshye wa PE, usanzwe ukoreshwa nkimboga, imifuka yoroshye yo gupakira ibiryo, nibindi.
Usibye gupakira imifuka, ibiryo bimwe bikonje bikenera gukoresha tray ya plastike, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri tray ni PP, isuku yo mu rwego rwa PP isuku ni nziza, irashobora gukoreshwa kuri 30 temperature ubushyuhe buke, hariho PET nibindi bikoresho. Ikarito ikonjeshejwe nk'ipaki rusange itwara abantu, irwanya ihungabana, irwanya umuvuduko hamwe nibiciro byigiciro, nicyo kintu cya mbere cyibanze kubintu byo gupakira ibiryo byafunzwe.
Ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi ntibishobora kwirengagizwa
1. kurya ibiryo byumye, gukonjesha ibintu
Ububiko bwakonje burashobora kugabanya cyane imikurire n’imyororokere ya mikorobe, bikagabanya umuvuduko wo kwangirika kw ibiribwa no kwangirika. Nyamara, kubintu bimwe byahagaritswe bikonjeshwa, ibintu byumye na okiside yibiribwa nabyo bizarushaho gukomera hamwe no kongera igihe cyo gukonja.
Muri firigo, habaho gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hamwe numwuka wamazi wumuvuduko wigice: hejuru yibiribwa> umwuka ukikije> ubukonje. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibi ni ukubera ko ubushyuhe hejuru yibiryo bwimurirwa mu kirere gikikije, bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwacyo; Ku rundi ruhande, umuvuduko utandukanye w’umwuka w’amazi uri hagati y’ibiribwa n’umwuka ukikije urashobora guteza imbere guhinduka no kugabanuka kwamazi na kirisita ya kirisita hejuru yibiribwa mu kirere.
Kuri ubu, umwuka urimo imyuka myinshi y'amazi ikurura ubushyuhe, igabanya ubukana bwayo, kandi ikerekeza mu kirere hejuru ya firigo; Iyo unyuze muri firimu, kubera ubushyuhe buke cyane bwa cooler, umuvuduko wamazi wuzuye kuri ubwo bushyuhe nabwo buri hasi cyane. Umwuka umaze gukonja, umwuka wamazi uhuza hejuru ya cooler hanyuma ugahinduka ubukonje, ibyo bikaba byongera ubwinshi bwumwuka ukonje bikarohama bikongera guhura nibiryo. Iyi nzira izakomeza gusubiramo no kuzenguruka, kandi amazi hejuru yibyo kurya azakomeza gutakara, bigatuma ibiro bigabanuka. Iyi phenomenon yitwa "kurya byumye".
Mugihe gikomeza cyo gukama ibintu, hejuru yibyo kurya bizahinduka uduce twinshi, byongera aho bihurira na ogisijeni, byihutisha okiside yamavuta yibiribwa hamwe na pigment, bitera umwijima hejuru no gutandukanya poroteyine. Iyi phenomenon izwi nka "gutwika gukonje".
Bitewe no guhererekanya imyuka y’amazi hamwe na okiside ya okisijeni mu kirere, izo zikaba ari zo mpamvu z’ibanze z’ibi bintu byavuzwe haruguru, ibikoresho byo gupakira plastike bikoreshwa mu gupakira imbere ibiryo byafunzwe bigomba kuba bifite imyuka myiza y’amazi hamwe n’inzitizi ya ogisijeni nka a inzitizi hagati yibiribwa bikonje nisi yo hanze.
2. Ingaruka zo Kubika Ubukonje Ibidukikije ku mbaraga za mashini zo gupakira ibikoresho
Nkuko bizwi, plastiki ziba zoroshye kandi zikunda gucika iyo zihuye nubushyuhe buke mugihe kirekire, bikaviramo kugabanuka gukabije kumubiri. Ibi birerekana intege nke zibikoresho bya plastike mukurwanya ubukonje bukabije. Mubisanzwe, ubukonje bukabije bwa plastiki bugaragazwa nubushyuhe bwo kwinjiza. Mugihe ubushyuhe bugabanutse, plastiki ziba zoroshye kandi zikunda kuvunika bitewe nigabanuka ryibikorwa byiminyururu ya polymer. Muburyo bugaragara bwingaruka, 50% bya plastiki birananirana cyane, kandi ubu bushyuhe nubushyuhe buke, aribwo rugero rwo hasi rwubushyuhe ibikoresho bya plastiki bishobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe. Niba ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa mubiribwa byafunzwe bifite ubukana buke, ubukonje bukabije bwibiryo byafunzwe birashobora gutobora byoroshye ibyo bipfunyitse mugihe cyo gutwara no gupakira no gupakurura, bigatera ibibazo kumeneka no kwihuta kwangirika kwibiryo.
Ibisubizo
Kugabanya inshuro zibibazo bibiri byingenzi byavuzwe haruguru no kurinda umutekano wibiribwa byafunzwe, ingingo zikurikira zirashobora kwitabwaho.
1. Hitamo inzitizi ndende nibikoresho bikomeye byo gupakira imbere
Hariho ibintu byinshi bitandukanye byo gupakira hamwe nibintu bitandukanye. Gusa mugusobanukirwa imiterere yibikoresho bitandukanye bipfunyika dushobora guhitamo ibikoresho bifatika dushingiye kubisabwa kurinda ibiribwa byafunzwe, kugirango bibashe kugumana uburyohe nubwiza bwibiryo kandi bigaragaze agaciro k ibicuruzwa.
Kugeza ubu,gupakira ibintu byoroshyeikoreshwa mu rwego rwibiryo byafunzwe bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:
Ubwoko bwa mbere ni urwego rumweimifuka, nk'imifuka ya PE, ifite ingaruka mbi ya barrière kandi isanzwe ikoreshwa kurigupakira imboga, n'ibindi;
Ubwoko bwa kabiri ni ibikapu byoroshye bya pulasitike bipfunyika, bikoresha ibifunga kugirango bihuze ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byibikoresho bya firime ya plastike hamwe, nka OPP / LLDPE, NY / LLDPE, nibindi, hamwe no kurwanya ubushuhe bwiza, kurwanya ubukonje, no kurwanya gucumita. ;
Ubwoko bwa gatatu ni ibice byinshi co gukuramo imifuka yoroshye yo gupakira ibintu bya pulasitike, bigashonga kandi bigakuramo ibikoresho fatizo bikora nka PA, PE, PP, PET, EVOH, nibindi, hanyuma bikabihuza bipfa. Biravuzwa, byaraguwe, kandi bikonje hamwe. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho ntabwo bukoresha ibifatika, kandi bufite ibiranga umwanda, inzitizi ndende, imbaraga nyinshi, hamwe no guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke.
Amakuru yerekana ko mu bihugu no mu turere twateye imbere, gukoresha ubwoko bwa gatatu bwo gupakira bingana na 40% by’ibiribwa byose byafunzwe, mu gihe mu Bushinwa bingana na 6% gusa, bikeneye kuzamurwa mu ntera.
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bishya nabyo bigenda bigaragara kimwekindi, kandi firime yo gupakira iribwa nimwe mubahagarariye. Ikoresha biodegradable polysaccharide, proteyine, cyangwa lipide nka substrate, kandi ikora firime ikingira hejuru yibiribwa byafunitse mu gupfunyika, gushiramo, gutwikira, cyangwa gutera, ukoresheje ibintu bisanzwe biribwa nkibikoresho fatizo kandi binyuze mumikoranire hagati yimikorere kugirango igenzure amazi no umwuka wa ogisijeni. Iyi firime ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi no guhangana na gaze ikomeye. Icy'ingenzi cyane, irashobora gukoreshwa nibiryo bikonje nta mwanda uhari kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi.
2. Kunoza ubukonje bwimbaraga nimbaraga zububiko bwimbere
Uburyo 1:Hitamo ibintu bifatika cyangwa bifatanye ibikoresho fatizo.
Nylon, LLDPE, na EVA byose bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya amarira, no kurwanya ingaruka. Ongeramo ibikoresho nkibikoresho muburyo bwo guhuriza hamwe cyangwa gukuramo ibicuruzwa birashobora guteza imbere neza amazi adakoresha amazi, inzitizi ya gaze, nimbaraga za mashini yibikoresho byo gupakira.
Uburyo bwa 2:Ongera igipimo cya plastiseri uko bikwiye.
Plastiseri ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango igabanye umubano wa kabiri hagati ya molekile ya polymer, bityo byongere umuvuduko wiminyururu ya polymer kandi bigabanye kristu. Ibi bigaragazwa no kugabanuka kwubukonje, modulus, nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa polymer, kimwe no kwiyongera kuramba no guhinduka.
Komeza imbaraga zo kugenzura ibicuruzwa
Gupakira bifite akamaro kanini kubiryo byafunzwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihugu cyashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye na SN / T0715-1997 "Amabwiriza yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa bikonje byoherezwa mu mahanga". Mugushiraho byibuze ibisabwa kugirango bipakire ibikoresho, ubwiza bwibikorwa byose kuva gupakira ibikoresho fatizo, tekinoroji yo gupakira kugeza ingaruka zo gupakira biremewe. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibigo bigomba gushyiraho laboratoire yuzuye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo gupakira, ifite ibikoresho bitatu byuzuzanya byubaka ogisijeni / amazi y’imyuka y’amazi, imashini yipima ibyuma bya elegitoronike, imashini ikanda amakarito n’ibindi bikoresho byo kwipimisha, kugira ngo ikore ibizamini byo gupima ibikoresho byo gupakira byafunzwe, harimo gukora inzitizi, imikorere yo kwikuramo, kurwanya gucumita, kurwanya amarira, no kurwanya ingaruka.
Muri make, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo byafunzwe bihura nibisabwa byinshi nibibazo murwego rwo gusaba. Kwiga no gukemura ibyo bibazo bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere ububiko nogutwara ibiryo byafunzwe. Byongeye kandi, kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibipfunyika no gushyiraho sisitemu yamakuru yo kugerageza ibikoresho bitandukanye bipakira bizanatanga umusingi wubushakashatsi bwo gutoranya ibikoresho no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Niba ufitefrozenfoodpackagingibisabwa, urashobora kutwandikira. Nka a uruganda rukora ibicuruzwakumyaka irenga 20, tuzatanga ibisubizo bikwiye byo gupakira ukurikije ibicuruzwa byawe na bije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-27-2023
