Kuberakofirime yo gupakira ibiryobifite ibyiza bihebuje byo kurinda neza ibiribwa, kandi gukorera mu mucyo birashobora gutunganya neza ibipfunyika, firime zipakira ibiryo bigira uruhare runini mubipfunyika ibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwo guhuza ibidukikije bigenda bihinduka ndetse n’ibikenerwa n’abaguzi batandukanye, ibigo byinshi ku isi byongereye ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu bijyanye na firime zipakira ibiryo.
1. Filime rusange yo gupakira
Kugeza ubu firime zikoreshwa mubipfunyika byibiribwa cyane cyane zirimo: PVA yubatswe kuri barrière, firime ya polypropilene yerekanwe (BOPP), filime ya polyester yerekanwe kuri biaxial (BOPET), firime ya nylon (PA), firime ya polypropilene (CPP), firime ya aluminiyumu, nibindi. zikoreshwa cyane kubera imikorere yazo nziza, gukorera mu mucyo, imbaraga zingana cyane, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya gazi n’inzitizi y’amazi hamwe n’igiciro gito cy’umusaruro.
2. Firime yo gufungura
Amafirime apfunyika yerekana ibikoresho biribwa, cyane cyane ibintu bisanzwe bya macromolekula nka lipide, proteyine na polysaccharide, byongewemo na plasitiki ziribwa, imiti ihuza imipaka, nibindi, bivangwa ningaruka zifatika, kandi bigakorwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya Filime yashizweho. Ukurikije ibiranga ibikoresho nyamukuru bikoreshwa, firime ziribwa zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: karubone ya hydrata iribwa, firime ziribwa za protein, firime ziribwa na lipide, hamwe na firime ziribwa. Filime ziribwa zakoreshejwe cyane mubuzima bwa buri munsi, nkimpapuro zumuceri zimenyerewe zikoreshwa mugupakira bombo, ibikombe byo guteka ibigori byo gutekesha ice cream, nibindi, byose nibisanzwe bipakira. Ugereranije nibikoresho byo gupakira, firime ziribwa zirashobora kwangirika nta mwanda. Hamwe nogukangurira abantu kumenya ibidukikije, firime ziribwa zahindutse vuba aha mubushakashatsi mubijyanye no gupakira ibiryo kandi byageze kubisubizo bimwe.
3. Firime ipakira ibiryo bya antibacterial
Antibacterialfirime yo gupakira ibiryoni ubwoko bwa firime ikora ifite ubushobozi bwo guhagarika cyangwa kwica bagiteri zo hejuru. Ukurikije uburyo bwa antibacterial, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: antibacterial itaziguye na antibacterial indirect. Antibacterial itaziguye igerwaho binyuze muburyo butaziguye hagati y'ibikoresho bipakira birimo antibacterial n'ibiribwa; antibacterial indirect itaziguye ni ukongera ibintu bimwe mubitwara bishobora guhindura microen ibidukikije muri paki, cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira kugirango bigenzure mikorobe. Gukura, nka firime yahinduwe yo gupakira ikirere.
4. Filime yo gupakira Nanocomposite
Filime ya Nanocomposite yerekana ibikoresho bya firime igizwe nibintu bifite ibipimo bikurikirana kuri nanometero (1-100nm) byinjijwe mumibare itandukanye. Ifite ibyiza byibikoresho gakondo hamwe nibikoresho bya kijyambere. Bitewe nubuso bwubuso, ingaruka zijwi, ingano yubunini nibindi biranga biterwa nuburyo bwihariye bwa firime ya nanocomposite, imiterere ya optique, imiterere yubukanishi, imiti ya antibacterial, imiterere ya barrière nibindi bintu bifite ibiranga ibikoresho bisanzwe bidafite, bigatuma bigira akamaro mu biryo. Ikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika, ntabwo yujuje gusa ibisabwa kugirango wongere igihe cyo kuramba cyibiryo, ariko kandi no gukurikirana ihinduka ryiza ryibiribwa mubipaki.
5. Filime yo gupakira ibinyabuzima
Ubu bwoko bwa firime bukemura cyane cyane ko bigoye gutunganya ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bidapfa kwangirika. Kubishyingura mu nsi bizasenya imiterere yubutaka, kandi gutwika bizabyara imyuka yubumara kandi bitere umwanda. Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro, igabanijwemo cyane muri firime yo gufotora no gufotora ibinyabuzima.
Kuberako firime zangirika zujuje ibyangombwa byo kurengera ibidukikije, ubu zirigwa cyane kandi zashimishije abashakashatsi batandukanye. Ibikoresho byinshi bishya byangirika kandi bitangiza ibidukikije byatejwe imbere, nka polymers ikozwe mubikoresho fatizo bya krahisi ikoresheje umutungo wibihingwa ushobora kuvugururwa (nkibigori). Acide Lactique (PLA), karubone ya polipropilene yangiza ibidukikije (PPC) ikomatanya ikomoka kuri karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone na okiside ya propylene nkibikoresho fatizo, na chitosan (chitosan) yabonetse muri deacetylation ya chitine, iboneka cyane muri kamere. . Ibintu bifatika byagabanutse; imiterere ya optique, gukorera mu mucyo, hamwe nuburabyo bwubuso nabyo byangirika bituzuye. Ntabwo yujuje gusa umucyo mwinshi wo gupakira firime, ahubwo inagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ibidukikije, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byiza byo gusaba.
Ariko, birakwiye ko tuvuga ko firime ipakira ibiryo ifite ibisabwa cyane kubijyanye nisuku numutekano wibikoresho bipakira, kandi bisaba ibipimo bijyanye nuburyo bwo gupima. Nubwo hari ingamba zafashwe mu gihugu no hanze yacyo, haracyari ibitagenda neza. . Ibihugu by’amahanga biherutse guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kuvura plasma kugira ngo ihumeke SiOx, AlOx n’indi miti ya oxyde ya organiside kuri substrate nka PET na BOPP kugirango ibone firime zipakira zifite inzitizi zikomeye. Filime ikozwe muri silicone irahagaze neza kubushyuhe kandi irakwiriye guteka ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no gupakira ibiryo. Filime ziteye isoni, firime ziribwa na firime zishonga mumazi nibicuruzwa bipfunyika icyatsi byateguwe nibihugu byo kwisi mumyaka yashize. Ubushakashatsi ku mikoreshereze ya polimeri karemano nka lipide, proteyine nisukari nka firime zo gupakira nazo zagiye ziyongera.
Niba ufite ibyo ukeneye byo gupakira ibiryo bya firime, urashobora kutwandikira. Nkumushinga wogupakira byoroshye mumyaka irenga 20, tuzatanga ibisubizo byukuri byo gupakira ukurikije ibicuruzwa byawe hamwe na bije.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-27-2023
