Ibiryo bikonje bivuga ibiryo bifite ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge byujuje ubuziranenge byatunganijwe neza, bikonjeshwa ku bushyuhe bwa -30 ° C, hanyuma bikabikwa kandi bikwirakwizwa kuri -18 ° C cyangwa munsi yo gupakira. Bitewe no gukoresha ubushyuhe buke bwo kubika urunigi mu buryo bwose, ibiryo bikonje bifite ibiranga ubuzima buramba, ntibishobora kwangirika, kandi byoroshye, ariko kandi bitanga byinshiIkibazogesn'ibisabwa hejuru kubikoresho byo gupakira.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bipfunyika
Kuri ubu, rusangeimifuka yo gupakira ibiryo bikonjeku isoko ahanini ukoresha ibikoresho bikurikira:
1. PET / PE
Iyi miterere irasanzwe mubipfunyika ibiryo byihuse. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, butarwanya ubukonje, ubushyuhe buke bwo gufunga ubushyuhe hamwe nigiciro gito ugereranije.
2. BOPP / PE, BOPP / CPP
Ubu bwoko bwimiterere nubushuhe, butarwanya ubukonje, bufite imbaraga zingana cyane mubushuhe bwubushyuhe buke, kandi burasa nubukungu mubiciro. Muri byo, isura no kumva bipfunyika imifuka ifite imiterere ya BOPP / PE iruta iyifite imiterere ya PET / PE, ishobora kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
3. PET / VMPET / CPE, BOPP / VMPET / CPE
Bitewe no kuba hariho aluminiyumu isahani, ubu bwoko bwububiko bufite icapiro ryiza ryiza, ariko imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hasi yubushyuhe bwo hasi irakennye gato kandi igiciro kiri hejuru, bityo igipimo cyacyo cyo gukoresha ni gito.
4. NY / PE, PET / NY / LLDPE, PET / NY / AL / PE, NY / PE
Gupakira hamwe nubu bwoko bwimiterere birwanya gukonja ningaruka. Bitewe nuko NY igaragara, kurwanya kwayo ni byiza cyane, ariko igiciro ni kinini. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa bingana cyangwa biremereye.
Mubyongeyeho, hari kandi umufuka woroshye wa PE, usanzwe ukoreshwa nkumufuka wapakira hanze yimboga nibiryo byoroshye bikonje.
Usibye gupakira imifuka, ibiryo bimwe na bimwe bikonje bisaba gukoresha tray tray. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri tray ni PP. Ibiryo byo mu rwego rwa PP bifite isuku kandi birashobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buke bwa -30 ° C. Hano hari PET nibindi bikoresho. Nka paki rusange yo gutwara abantu, amakarito ya karitsiye nibintu byambere bigomba kwitabwaho kubipfunyika bwibiryo byafunzwe kubera ibicuruzwa bitagira ingaruka, birwanya umuvuduko hamwe nibyiza byigiciro.
Gupima ibipimo byo gupakira ibiryo byafunzwe
Ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa bigomba kuba bifite ipaki yujuje ibyangombwa. Usibye kugerageza ibicuruzwa ubwabyo, kugerageza ibicuruzwa bigomba no kugerageza gupakira. Gusa nyuma yo gutsinda ikizamini gishobora kwinjira mukuzenguruka. ?
Kugeza ubu, nta bipimo byihariye by’igihugu bigerageza gupakira ibiryo byafunzwe. Inzobere mu nganda zirimo gukorana n’abakora ibiribwa bikonje kugira ngo bateze imbere ishyirwaho ry’ibipimo nganda. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugura ibipfunyika, abakora ibiryo bikonje bagomba kuba bujuje ubuziranenge rusange bwigihugu kubikoresho bipfunyika.
Urugero:
GB 9685-2008 "Ibipimo by'isuku byo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro y'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byo gupakira" iteganya ibipimo by'isuku ku nyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ibiribwa n'ibikoresho byo gupakira;
GB / T. foil. , isura n'ibipimo bifatika byerekana igikapu, kandi iteganya ingano yumuti usigara mumufuka hamwe na firime;
GB 9688-188
GB / T 4857.3-4 na GB / T 6545-1998 "Uburyo bwo kumenya imbaraga ziturika zamakarito yikariso" butanga ibisabwa kugirango ushyire imbaraga hamwe nimbaraga ziturika zamakarito yikarito.
Byongeye kandi, mubikorwa nyabyo, abakora ibiryo byahagaritswe nabo bazashyiraho ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byamasosiyete bihuye nibisabwa byabo hashingiwe kubikenewe nyabyo, nkibisabwa mu mubare wibisumizi, indobo zifuro nibindi bicuruzwa bibumbabumbwe.
Ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi ntibishobora kwirengagizwa
1. kurya ibiryo byumye, "gutwika gukonje"
Ububiko bukonje burashobora kugabanya cyane imikurire niyororoka rya mikorobe kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko wangirika. Nyamara, kubikorwa bimwe byo gukonjesha, kurya byumye hamwe na okiside yibiribwa bizarushaho gukomera hamwe no kongera igihe cyo gukonja.
Muri firigo, ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe hamwe numwuka wumuyaga igice cyigice kibaho nkiki: hejuru yibiribwa> ikirere gikikije ikirere> ubukonje. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibi biterwa n'ubushyuhe buva hejuru y'ibiribwa bwimurirwa mu kirere gikikije, kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka; kurundi ruhande, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wigice hagati yumwuka wamazi uboneka hejuru yibiribwa hamwe nikirere gikikije bitera amazi, umwuka wa kirisita ya kirisita no kugabanuka mubyuka byamazi mukirere.
Kugeza ubu, umwuka urimo imyuka myinshi y'amazi igabanya ubukana bwayo kandi ikagenda hejuru ya firigo. Ku bushyuhe buke bwa firime, umwuka wamazi uhuza hejuru ya cooler hanyuma ugahinduka ubukonje kugirango uyihuze, kandi ubwinshi bwikirere bwiyongera, bityo bikarohama bikongera guhura nibiryo. Iyi nzira izasubirwamo, kuzenguruka, amazi hejuru yibyo kurya ahora atakara, uburemere buragabanuka, iki kintu ni "kurya byumye". Muri gahunda yo guhora yumye yumye, ubuso bwibiribwa buzahinduka buhoro buhoro, byongere aho bihurira na ogisijeni, byihutishe okiside yibinure byibiribwa, pigment, ibara ryijimye, gutandukanya poroteyine, iki kintu "ni ugukonjesha gutwika".
Bitewe no guhererekanya umwuka wamazi hamwe na okiside ya okisijeni mu kirere nimpamvu nyamukuru zitera ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, bityo nkinzitizi hagati yibiribwa bikonje ndetse nisi yo hanze, ibikoresho byo gupakira plastike bikoreshwa mubipfunyika byimbere bigomba kugira amazi meza imyuka na ogisijeni ihagarika imikorere.
2. Ingaruka yibidukikije byahagaritswe ku mbaraga zikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gupakira
Nkuko twese tubizi, plastike zizavunika kandi zikunda kumeneka mugihe zihuye nubushyuhe buke mugihe kirekire, kandi imiterere yumubiri izagabanuka cyane, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza intege nke zibikoresho bya plastike mubijyanye no kurwanya ubukonje bukabije. Mubisanzwe, ubukonje bwa plastike bugaragazwa nubushyuhe bwo kwinjiza. Mugihe ubushyuhe bugabanutse, plastike iba yoroheje kandi yoroshye kumeneka bitewe no kugabanuka kwimikorere ya polymer molekile. Muburyo bugaragara bwingaruka, 50% bya plastiki bizananirwa kunanirwa. Ubushyuhe muri iki gihe ni ubushyuhe buke. Ni ukuvuga, igipimo cyo hasi yubushyuhe bwo gukoresha bisanzwe ibikoresho bya plastiki. Niba ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa mubiribwa bikonje bifite ubukana bukabije, mugihe cyo gutwara no gupakira no gupakurura, gupakurura cyane ibiryo byafunzwe birashobora gutobora byoroshye ibyo bipfunyika, bigatera ibibazo kumeneka no kwihuta kwangirika kwibiryo.
Mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara, ibiryo bikonje bipakirwa mumasanduku. Ubushyuhe bwububiko bukonje bushyirwa kuri -24 ℃ ~ -18 ℃. Mububiko bukonje, agasanduku kamenetse kazajya gahoro gahoro gahoro gahoro, kandi mubisanzwe bigera kuburinganire bwiminsi 4. Dukurikije ibitabo bijyanye, iyo ikarito ikonjeshejwe igeze ku buringanire bw’ubushuhe, ibiyikubiyemo biziyongera 2% kugeza kuri 3% ugereranije n’uko byumye. Hamwe no kwongerera igihe cyo gukonjesha, imbaraga zumuvuduko wimbaraga, imbaraga zo guhonyora, hamwe nimbaraga zo guhuza amakarito ya karitsiye bizagenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi bizagabanuka 31%, 50%, na 21% nyuma yiminsi 4. Ibi bivuze ko nyuma yo kwinjira mububiko bukonje, imbaraga za mashini yikarito izagabanuka. Imbaraga zigira ingaruka ku rugero runaka, ibyo bikaba byongera ibyago byo kugwa agasanduku murwego rwohejuru. ?
Ibiribwa bikonje bizakorerwa ibikorwa byinshi byo gupakurura no gupakurura mugihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mubukonje bijya aho bigurishwa. Guhora uhindagurika mubushuhe bwubushuhe butera imyuka yamazi mukirere gikikuje ikarito yikaraga hejuru yikarito, kandi nubushuhe bwikarito burazamuka gushika kuri 19%. , imbaraga zumuvuduko wacyo zizagabanuka hafi 23% kugeza 25%. Muri iki gihe, imbaraga zubukanishi bwikarito izangirika kurushaho, byongere amahirwe yo gusenyuka. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe cyo gutondekanya amakarito, amakarito yo hejuru akora igitutu gihoraho kuri karito yo hepfo. Iyo amakarito akurura ubuhehere kandi akagabanya imbaraga zo guhangana n’umuvuduko, amakarito yo hepfo azahindurwa kandi ajanjagurwe mbere. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, igihombo cy’ubukungu cyatewe no gusenyuka kwamakarito kubera kwinjiza amazi hamwe na ultra-high stacking bingana na 20% byigihombo cyose mugikorwa cyo kuzenguruka.
Ibisubizo
Kugirango ugabanye inshuro zibibazo bibiri byavuzwe haruguru kandi urebe umutekano wibiribwa byafunzwe, urashobora guhera mubice bikurikira.
1. Hitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira imbere hamwe na bariyeri nyinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nibintu bitandukanye. Gusa mugusobanukirwa imiterere yumubiri wibikoresho bitandukanye bipfunyika dushobora guhitamo ibikoresho bifatika dukurikije ibisabwa byo kurinda ibiryo byafunzwe, kugirango bidashobora gusa kugumana uburyohe nubwiza bwibiryo, ahubwo binagaragaza agaciro k ibicuruzwa.
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byoroshye bikoreshwa mu rwego rwibiryo byafunzwe bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:
Ubwoko bwa mbere niimifuka imwe, nk'imifuka ya PE, ifite ingaruka mbi za barrière kandi zikoreshwa muburyo bwo gupakira imboga;
Icyiciro cya kabiri niguhuza imifuka yoroheje ya plastike, ikoresha ibifatika kugirango ihuze ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byibikoresho bya firime ya plastike hamwe, nka OPP / LLDPE, NY / LLDPE, nibindi, bifite ubuso bwiza butarinda ubushuhe, butarwanya ubukonje, kandi butarwanya gucumita;
Icyiciro cya gatatu niibice byinshi bifatanyijemo imifuka ya plastike yoroheje, aho ibikoresho fatizo bifite imirimo itandukanye nka PA, PE, PP, PET, EVOH, nibindi bishonga kandi bigasohoka ukundi, bigahuzwa nimpfu nkuru, hanyuma bigahuzwa hamwe nyuma yo guhuha no gukonja. , ubu bwoko bwibikoresho ntibukoresha ibifata kandi bifite ibiranga kutanduza, inzitizi ndende, imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe buke nubushyuhe, nibindi.
Imibare irerekana ko mu bihugu no mu turere twateye imbere, ikoreshwa ry’ibipfunyika byo mu cyiciro cya gatatu bingana na 40% by’ibiribwa byose byafunzwe, mu gihe mu gihugu cyanjye bingana na 6% gusa kandi bigomba kurushaho gutezwa imbere. ?
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bishya bigenda bigaragara kimwekindi, kandi firime yo gupakira iribwa nimwe mubahagarariye. Ikoresha biodegradable polysaccharide, proteyine cyangwa lipide nka matrix, kandi ikora firime ikingira hejuru yibiribwa byafunzwe ikoresheje ibintu bisanzwe biribwa nkibikoresho fatizo kandi binyuze mumikoranire hagati ya intermolecular binyuze mu gupfunyika, kwibiza, gutwikira cyangwa gutera. , kugenzura ihererekanyabubasha no kwinjiza ogisijeni. Ubwoko bwa firime ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi no guhangana na gaze ikomeye. Icy'ingenzi ni uko ishobora kuribwa nibiribwa bikonje nta mwanda uhari, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi.
2. Kunoza ubukonje nimbaraga zikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gupakira imbere
Uburyo bwa mbere, hitamo ibintu bifatika cyangwa bifatanyirijwe hamwe ibikoresho fatizo.
Nylon, LLDPE, EVA byose bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya amarira no kurwanya ingaruka. Kwiyongera kwibikoresho nkibi muburyo bwo guhuriza hamwe cyangwa gufatanya gusohora birashobora kunoza neza uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi n’umuyaga ndetse nimbaraga za mashini yibikoresho byo gupakira.
Uburyo bwa kabiri, ongera bikwiye igipimo cya plasitike. Plastisitori ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango igabanye isano iri hagati ya molekile ya polymer, kugirango hongerwe umuvuduko wurunigi rwa polymer, kugabanya kristu, bigaragazwa nkigabanuka ryubukomezi bwa polymer, ubushyuhe bwa modulus, kimwe no kunoza kuramba no guhinduka.
3. kunoza imbaraga zo kwikuramo udusanduku
Kugeza ubu, isoko rikoresha cyane cyane ikarito yashizwemo ikarito mu gutwara ibiryo bikonje, iyi karito ikikijwe n’imisumari ine yometse ku mbaho, hejuru no hepfo hamwe n’ibice bine byacitse amababa yambukiranya bifunga ubwoko bwa sintetike. Binyuze mu gusesengura ubuvanganzo no kugenzura ibizamini, urashobora gusanga gusenyuka kw'ikarito bibaho mu ikarito enye yashyizwe mu buryo buhagaritse mu isanduku, bityo gushimangira imbaraga zo guhonyora aha hantu bishobora kuzamura neza imbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito. By'umwihariko, mbere ya byose, mu rukuta rw'ikarito ruzengurutse kongeramo ikariso y'impeta, birasabwa gukoresha Ikarito ikonjeshejwe, ubworoherane bwayo, kwinjiza ibintu, irashobora gukumira ibiryo bikonje bikonje bikarito. Icya kabiri, agasanduku k'ubwoko bw'ikarito irashobora gukoreshwa, ubu bwoko bw'agasanduku busanzwe bukozwe mu bice byinshi by'ibibaho bisobekeranye, agasanduku k'umubiri hamwe n'igisanduku gitandukanijwe, binyuze mu gifuniko cyo gukoresha. Ikizamini cyerekana ko mugihe kimwe cyo gupakira, imbaraga zo kwikuramo amakarito yubatswe afunze yikubye inshuro 2 iy'ikarito yubatswe.
4. Shimangira ibizamini byo gupakira
Gupakira bifite akamaro kanini kubiribwa byafunzwe, leta rero yashyizeho GB / T24617-2009 Gupakira ibiryo bikonjesha, Mark, Ubwikorezi nububiko, SN / T0715-1997 Kwohereza ibicuruzwa bikonjesha Ibicuruzwa bikonjesha ibicuruzwa byo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo gutwara ibicuruzwa hamwe nibindi bipimo bijyanye, mugushiraho byibuze ibisabwa mubikorwa byo gupakira, kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwibikorwa byose uhereye kubitangwa nibikoresho fatizo bipfunyika, uburyo bwo gupakira hamwe ningaruka zo gupakira. Kugirango ibyo bigerweho, uruganda rugomba gushyiraho laboratoire yuzuye igenzura neza, ifite ibikoresho bitatu byuzuzanya byubatswe bwa ogisijeni / amazi yo mu kirere, imashini yipimisha ibyuma bya elegitoronike, imashini yipimisha amakarito, kugirango ikoreshwe ibikoresho bikumirwa, birwanya guhagarika, gutobora kurwanya, kurira amarira, kurwanya ingaruka hamwe nuruhererekane rwibizamini.
Muri make, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo byafunzwe bihura nibibazo byinshi bishya nibibazo bishya murwego rwo gusaba. Kwiga no gukemura ibyo bibazo bifite akamaro kanini kunoza ububiko nogutwara ibiryo byafunzwe. Byongeye kandi, kunoza uburyo bwo gupima ibipfunyika, gushyiraho ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo gupakira sisitemu yo gupima amakuru, bizanatanga ishingiro ryubushakashatsi bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bizaza no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-23-2023
